In some underdeveloped countries, a variant of a carriage, a “car towed by a horse, is still the first choice of transport means, insofar as one does not want to walk. More than 5500 years ago, the oxen barrow were used.
Source: Wikipedia
The battery-powered locomotive, designed by Charles Page, existed
in 1851.
Source: Wikipedia
1881 Trouvé Tricikel, Paris – first electric road vehicle
Source: Wikipedia
1882 Ayrton and Perry introduced their version of an electric tricycle.
Source: Wikipedia
Elektromote by Werner was the first trolleybus in the world, manufactured by Siemens in Berlin 1882.
Source: Wikipedia
1887 Volk Electric introduced a new version of the electric tricycle – Dog-Cart
Source: Wikipedia
Flocken’s electric wagon tested the road in 1888. The photograph shows the reconstruction of this vehicle by Franz Hagg.
Source: Wikipedia
In 1899 an electric car was built by Porche as “Semper Vivus” – always alive and was presented at the world exhibition in Paris in 1900. The maximum speed of this car was 50km / h and it reached 50km by one charging.
Source: Wikipedia
At the end of the 19th century, races with electric cars took place.
On April 29, 1899, Camille Jenatzy drove a record 105.882 km/h in the electric vehicle La Jamais Contente.
Source: Wikipedia
Lohner-Porsche built the four-wheel electric car of the year 1900.
Source: Wikipedia
EMW 340 was built by Eisenacher Motorenwerke. It was built during the years 1949 and 1955.
Source: Wikipedia
DKW an electric truck was built between 1949 and 1962, in Ingolstadt, with a power of 23.5 kW (32hp) and a maximum speed of 70 to 80 km / h.
Source: Wikipedia
In addition to electric cars, ideas about charging stations for electric commercial vehicles for urban transport with a maximum speed of 25 to 30 km / h and the ability to carry a distance of 60 to 80 km appeared. The charging station would allow you to quickly replace the empty battery with a fully charged one.
Source: Lastauto Omnibus Classic 1 from Mai 1940
Ford Nucleon was a concept introduced in 1958 by Ford Motor Company. The car should propel on nuclear fuel. A smaller nuclear reactor supposed to be suspended between the rear wheels. One charge would be sufficient for 5000 miles (approx. 8000km), and the empty one would be replaced at the petrol station. Ford built 1 model in a ratio of 1: 2.66. The vehicle has never been manufactured. It is an example of many concepts from the 1950s, at the beginning of the atomic age.
Source: Wikipedia
The photo shows the Tama Model E4S-47 in one of the manufactured versions. The production began from 1947 in series in Japan. The power was 3.3 kW, the highest speed was 35 km/h and the transport capacity of the vehicle with one charge – the range 65 km. For speed control, the driver was equipped with a manual twist gearbox.
Source: Wikipedia
Enfield 8000, manufactured by Enfield-Neorion, 1973, was equipped with a 6 kW electric motor and lead-acid battery. Altogether 120 cars were build. The maximum speed was 77 km/h and the range was approximately 64 km.
Source: Wikipedia
From 2000 on:
Tesla Roadster 2006 with 248 bhp (251 PS/185 kW) at 8000 rpm and 286 Nm (211 lb · ft / 29.2 kgm) reaches a top speed of 209 km/h, with 46.0 g/km of carbon dioxide emissions.
Source: Auto Motor Sport
Framo Truck is the first series of electric trucks with a range of 250km, capacity from 57 to 318kWh and drive from 80 to 420 kW (peak power 480 kW).
Source: Auto Motor Sport
Autonomous personal rapid transit (PRT – Presonal Rapid Transit) for 4 persons with opportunity charging, has a top speed of 50km/h and a range of 30km. The PRT 2getthere system in Masdar was the first PRT system, which was opened to the public on November 28, 2010. The system is now in the fifth year of operation and transports more than 30,000 passengers per month and achieves an excellent system availability of 99.9%. Location: Masdar city, Abu Dhabi
Source: 2getthere
In 2010, the Dutch professor designed SUPERBUS (BEV), with a top speed of 250km/h and a power of 588kW, with a length of 15m and a height of 1.65m, it has the ability to transport 23 people 200km with a full battery. A prototype was built, which successfully passed the field test. On 15 May 2012, it received a registration plate and, consequently, a valid license for the transport of passengers.
Source: TU Delft
MAN Metropolis (BEV + range extender), with a top speed of 89km/h, a weight of 26t, a 105kWh battery, a power of 286kW, a torque of 1650 Nm, has 2 speeds. Last drive (REX): 3.0l TDI with 95kW generator. Range: daily change (8h + 2x 22m³). The truck is intended to collect garbage for about 150km. It was used near Antwerp, now in Munich.
Source: MAN / Benteler
Currently available electric cars best introduced by brand, body style, price, availability, top speed, acceleration time, range, efficiency, speed of charging.
Expected:
Autonomous personal fast transit for 24 people, the upgrade of the PRT system, with autonomous management is planned in 2025. The maximum speed will remain 50km/h, as well as the range 50km. Project location is Asia, Middle East, Netherlands (2018)
Source: 2getthere / ALTRAN
Future:
Audi Aicon, the study has four electric motors totaling 260 kW and 550 Nm of maximum torque, the one-charging range is 800 km at 130 km/h and 80% of the battery is charged in less than 30 minutes.
Source: Auto Motor Sport / VW
Special thanks go to Klaus Feldmann, e-Mobility Manager for Altran Engineering B.V. for an inspirational presentation. Acknowledgment also goes to the Interreg Europe Program.
Source: Airbus